Polarization of a diode laser output is usually linear. On the data sheet, diode manufacturer gives the polarization information as either "TM" or "TE".
TM means "transverse magnetic", i.e., the magnetic field oscillates in a direction parallel to the slow axis, which means that the electric field (polarization) oscillates in a direction parallel to the fast axis.
TE means "transverse electric", i.e., the polarization is parallel to the slow axis.
I am not sure how engineers control the polarization in the process of diode manufacturing.
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